Tutorial by Examples: on

Overloading + for Dictionaries

As there is currently no simple way of combining dictionaries in Swift, it can be useful to overload the + and += operators in order to add this functionality using generics. // Combines two dictionaries together. If both dictionaries contain // the same key, the value of the right hand side dicti...

Swift Language • Advanced Operators

Comprehensions involving tuples

The for clause of a list comprehension can specify more than one variable: [x + y for x, y in [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]] # Out: [3, 7, 11] [x + y for x, y in zip([1, 3, 5], [2, 4, 6])] # Out: [3, 7, 11] This is just like regular for loops: for x, y in [(1,2), (3,4), (5,6)]: print(x+y) ...

Python Language • List comprehensions

Using Jackson Object Mapper

Pojo Model public class Model { private String firstName; private String lastName; private int age; /* Getters and setters not shown for brevity */ } Example: String to Object Model outputObject = objectMapper.readValue( "{\"firstName\":\"J...

Java Language • JSON in Java

This is confusing. Why not just always use parentheses?

Parentheses are used to enclose the arguments of function calls. Using them for procedure calls can cause unexpected problems. Because they can introduce bugs, both at run-time by passing a possibly unintended value to the procedure, and at compile-time by simply being invalid syntax. Run-time Re...

VBA • Procedure Calls

Lexicographical comparison

Two std::strings can be compared lexicographically using the operators ==, !=, <, <=, >, and >=: std::string str1 = "Foo"; std::string str2 = "Bar"; assert(!(str1 < str2)); assert(str > str2); assert(!(str1 <= str2)); assert(str1 >= str2); assert...

C++ • std::string

Attach object to another existing object (association)

It's possible to attach an object to an existing object as if there was a new property. This is called association and allows one to extend existing objects. It can be used to provide storage when adding a property via a class extension or otherwise add additional information to an existing object. ...

Objective-C Language • Low-level Runtime Environment

Basic Component

Given the following HTML file: index.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>React Tutorial</title> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react/15.2.1/react.js"></script>...

React • Components

Extractor Infix notation

If a case class has exactly two values, its extractor can be used in infix notation. case class Pair(a: String, b: String) val p: Pair = Pair("hello", "world") val x Pair y = p //x: String = hello //y: String = world Any extractor that returns a 2-tuple can work this way....

Scala Language • Extractors

Nesting Components

A lot of the power of ReactJS is its ability to allow nesting of components. Take the following two components: var React = require('react'); var createReactClass = require('create-react-class'); var CommentList = reactCreateClass({ render: function() { return ( <div className...

React • Components

Forward Declarations

It's possible to declare protocol name without methods: @protocol Person; use it your code (class definition, etc): @interface World : NSObject @property (strong, nonatomic) NSArray<id<some>> *employees; @end and later define protocol's method somewhere in your code: @protocol...

Objective-C Language • Protocols

Conditional pattern matching with guards

Patterns can be matched based on values independent to the value being matched using if guards: // Let's imagine a simplistic web app with the following pages: enum Page { Login, Logout, About, Admin } // We are authenticated let is_authenticated = true; // But we aren't admins...

Rust • Pattern Matching

Restarting docker container

docker restart <container> [<container>...] Option --time : Seconds to wait for stop before killing the container (default 10) docker restart <container> --time 10

Docker • Managing containers

Statically Initialized Singleton

public class Singleton { private readonly static Singleton instance = new Singleton(); private Singleton() { } public static Singleton Instance => instance; } This implementation is thread-safe because in this case instance object is initialized in the static constructor. The ...

C# Language • Singleton Implementation

Lazy, thread-safe Singleton (using Double Checked Locking)

This thread-safe version of a singleton was necessary in the early versions of .NET where static initialization was not guaranteed to be thread-safe. In more modern versions of the framework a statically initialized singleton is usually preferred because it is very easy to make implementation mistak...

C# Language • Singleton Implementation

Concerns

To avoid repetition in nested routes, concerns provide a great way of sharing common resources that are reusable. To create a concern use the method concern within the routes.rb file. The method expects a symbol and block: concern :commentable do resources :comments end While not creating a...

Ruby on Rails • Routing

List all contributions grouped by author name

git shortlog summarizes git log and groups by author If no parameters are given, a list of all commits made per committer will be shown in chronological order. $ git shortlog Committer 1 (<number_of_commits>): Commit Message 1 Commit Message 2 ... Committer 2 (<number_of_...

Git • Browsing the history

Loop control with break, next, and redo

The flow of execution of a Ruby block may be controlled with the break, next, and redo statements. break The break statement will exit the block immediately. Any remaining instructions in the block will be skipped, and the iteration will end: actions = %w(run jump swim exit macarena) index = 0 ...

Ruby Language • Control Flow

The Func, Action and Predicate delegate types

The System namespace contains Func<..., TResult> delegate types with between 0 and 15 generic parameters, returning type TResult. private void UseFunc(Func<string> func) { string output = func(); // Func with a single generic type parameter returns that type Console.WriteLine...

C# Language • Delegates

exec statement is a function in Python 3

In Python 2, exec is a statement, with special syntax: exec code [in globals[, locals]]. In Python 3 exec is now a function: exec(code, [, globals[, locals]]), and the Python 2 syntax will raise a SyntaxError. As print was changed from statement into a function, a __future__ import was also added. ...

Python Language • Incompatibilities moving from Python 2 to Python 3

SwiftyJSON

SwiftyJSON is a Swift framework built to remove the need for optional chaining in normal JSON serialization. You can download it here: https://github.com/SwiftyJSON/SwiftyJSON Without SwiftyJSON, your code would look like this to find the name of the first book in a JSON object: if let jsonObject...

Swift Language • Reading & Writing JSON