Inserting a row at the bottom of a spreadsheet is easy:
var someSheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet().getSheets()[0];
someSheet.appendRow(["Frodo", "Baggins", "Hobbit", "The Shire", 33]);
Note this will add the row after the last non-empty row.
Inserting a row somewhere in the middle is a bit more work:
var someSheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet().getSheets()[0];
var newRowIndex = 2;
var row = ["Gandalf", "?", "Wizard", "?", 2019];
someSheet.insertRowBefore(newRowIndex);
// getRange(row, col, numRows, numCols)
someSheet.getRange(newRowIndex, 1, 1, row.length).setValues([row]); // Note 2D array!
A lot of this useless code can be abstracted into a helper function:
function insertRowBefore(sheet, rowIndex, rowData) {
sheet.insertRowBefore(rowIndex);
sheet.getRange(rowIndex, 1, 1, rowData.length).setValues([rowData]);
}
Which reduces our example to just:
var someSheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet().getSheets()[0];
insertRowBefore(someSheet, 2, ["Gandalf", "?", "Wizard", "?", 2019]);