Some of the most common commands include:
\frac {numerator}{denominator}
. For square roots, use \sqrt[root]{number}
.\leq
gives the less than or equal to symbol, \geq
gives the greater than or equal to symbol, \neq
gives the not equal symbol, \sum
gives the summation symbol, \partial
gives the partial derivative symbol, \nabla
gives the Laplacian operator, \times
gives the cross product or multiplication symbol, \cdot
gives the dot product or multiplication symbol, and \int
gives the integral symbol.\rightarrow
and \leftarrow
give right and left arrows, respectively.\%
as the percent symbol is normally used for comments.x^2
, or, for longer superscripts, x^{2x}
. To do a subscript, you can type x_a
, or, for longer subscripts, x_{ab}
.\boldmath{...}
to make your math symbols bold. Other options are given at this TeX.SX question. Math symbols are automatically italicized; if you don't want this to be true, make your equation text as described below.\infty
.\int
, and then use the \limits
command. An example is \int\limits_{\infty}
or \int\limits^{\infty}
. Then, for normal cases, you can do \overset{top}{normal}
or \underset{bottom}{normal}
. This can be very useful for doing vectors. For example, you might do \overset{\rightarrow}{x}
The amsmath
package is need for overset
and underset
.\{
or \}
to get curly braces.\usepackage{amsmath}
in the preamble, and then type \text{...}
.\quad
between the two items you want to separate (for example, you might have $2x \quad cos
).