By adding a header with content type as JSON:
<?php
$result = array('menu1' => 'home', 'menu2' => 'code php', 'menu3' => 'about');
//return the json response :
header('Content-Type: application/json'); // <-- header declaration
echo json_encode($result, true); // <--- encode
exit();
The header is there so your app can detect what data was returned and how it should handle it.
Note that : the content header is just information about type of returned data.
If you are using UTF-8, you can use :
header("Content-Type: application/json;charset=utf-8");
Example jQuery :
$.ajax({
url:'url_your_page_php_that_return_json'
}).done(function(data){
console.table('json ',data);
console.log('Menu1 : ', data.menu1);
});