If your application transmits text to other systems, they will also need to be informed of the character encoding. In PHP, you can use the default_charset
option in php.ini
, or manually issue the Content-Type
MIME header yourself. This is the preferred method when targeting modern browsers.
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');
If you are unable to set the response headers, then you can also set the encoding in an HTML document with HTML metadata.
HTML5
<meta charset="utf-8">
Older versions of HTML
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />