If you are matching on an Option type:
def f(x: Option[Int]) = x match {
case Some(i) => doSomething(i)
case None => doSomethingIfNone
}
This is functionally equivalent to using fold, or map/getOrElse:
def g(x: Option[Int]) = x.fold(doSomethingIfNone)(doSomething)
def h(x: Option[Int]) = x.map(doSomething).getOrElse(doSomethingIfNone)