~ inverts the case of the character under the cursor,gu{motion} lowercases the text covered by {motion},gU{motion} uppercases the text covered by {motion}Example (^ marks the cursor position):
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
^
Lorem ipSum dolor sit amet. ~
Lorem IPSUM DOLOR sit amet. gU2w
Lorem IPsum DOLOR sit amet. gue
~ inverts the case of the selected text,u lowercases the selected text,U uppercases the selected textExample (^^^ marks the visual selection):
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Lorem ipSUM DOLOR SIT amet. ~
Lorem ipSUM DOLOR SIT amet. U
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. u