Tutorial by Examples: num

WITH RECURSIVE ManagedByJames(Level, ID, FName, LName) AS ( -- start with this row SELECT 1, ID, FName, LName FROM Employees WHERE ID = 1 UNION ALL -- get employees that have any of the previously selected rows as manager SELECT ManagedByJames.Level + 1, ...

You can use a colon and the standard numeric format syntax to control how numbers are formatted. var decimalValue = 120.5; var asCurrency = $"It costs {decimalValue:C}"; // String value is "It costs $120.50" (depending on your local currency settings) var withThreeDecimal...

arc4random_uniform(someNumber: UInt32) -> UInt32 This gives you random integers in the range 0 to someNumber - 1. The maximum value for UInt32 is 4,294,967,295 (that is, 2^32 - 1). Examples: Coin flip let flip = arc4random_uniform(2) // 0 or 1 Dice roll let roll = arc4random_...

5 <input type="number" value="0" name="quantity"> The Input element with a type attribute whose value is number represents a precise control for setting the element’s value to a string representing a number. Please note that this field does not guarantee to h...

When a method need to accept an "extensible" set of enum values, the programmer can apply polymorphism like on a normal class by creating an interface which will be used anywere where the enums shall be used: public interface ExtensibleEnum { String name(); } This way, any enum t...

Java provides, as part of the utils package, a basic pseudo-random number generator, appropriately named Random. This object can be used to generate a pseudo-random value as any of the built-in numerical datatypes (int, float, etc). You can also use it to generate a random Boolean value, or a random...

The method nextInt(int bound) of Random accepts an upper exclusive boundary, i.e. a number that the returned random value must be less than. However, only the nextInt method accepts a bound; nextLong, nextDouble etc. do not. Random random = new Random(); random.nextInt(1000); // 0 - 999 int num...

Java 8 provides classes called IntSummaryStatistics, DoubleSummaryStatistics and LongSummaryStatistics which give a state object for collecting statistics such as count, min, max, sum, and average. Java SE 8 List<Integer> naturalNumbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10); IntSu...

enum MyEnum { One, Two, Three } foreach(MyEnum e in Enum.GetValues(typeof(MyEnum))) Console.WriteLine(e); This will print: One Two Three

The FlagsAttribute can be applied to an enum changing the behaviour of the ToString() to match the nature of the enum: [Flags] enum MyEnum { //None = 0, can be used but not combined in bitwise operations FlagA = 1, FlagB = 2, FlagC = 4, FlagD = 8 //you must use pow...

You can use a column's number (where the leftmost column is '1') to indicate which column to base the sort on, instead of describing the column by its name. Pro: If you think it's likely you might change column names later, doing so won't break this code. Con: This will generally reduce readabilit...

A flags-style enum value needs to be tested with bitwise logic because it may not match any single value. [Flags] enum FlagsEnum { Option1 = 1, Option2 = 2, Option3 = 4, Option2And3 = Option2 | Option3; Default = Option1 | Option3, } The Default value is actually a ...

Enums can define abstract methods, which each enum member is required to implement. enum Action { DODGE { public boolean execute(Player player) { return player.isAttacking(); } }, ATTACK { public boolean execute(Player player) { re...

Enums have been backported from Python 3.4 to Python 2.4 through Python 3.3. You can get this the enum34 backport from PyPI. pip install enum34 Creation of an enum is identical to how it works in Python 3.4+ from enum import Enum class Color(Enum): red = 1 green = 2 blue = 3 ...

Use the : operator to create sequences of numbers, such as for use in vectorizing larger chunks of your code: x <- 1:5 x ## [1] 1 2 3 4 5 This works both ways 10:4 # [1] 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 and even with floating point numbers 1.25:5 # [1] 1.25 2.25 3.25 4.25 or negatives -4:4 ...

public enum DayOfWeek { Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday } // Enum to string string thursday = DayOfWeek.Thursday.ToString(); // "Thursday" string seventhDay = Enum.GetName(typeof(DayOfWeek), 6); // "Satur...

Type information does not need to be included in the cases of a discriminated union. By omitting type information you can create a union that simply represents a set of choices, similar to an enum. // This union can represent any one day of the week but none of // them are tied to a specific unde...

In Erlang, numbers are either integers or floats. Erlang uses arbitrary-precision for integers (bignums), so their values are limited only by the memory size of your system. 1> 11. 11 2> -44. -44 3> 0.1. 0.1 4> 5.1e-3. 0.0051 5> 5.2e2. 520.0 Numbers can be used in various...

Fixed precision and scale decimal numbers. DECIMAL and NUMERIC are functionally equivalent. Syntax: DECIMAL ( precision [ , scale] ) NUMERIC ( precision [ , scale] ) Examples: SELECT CAST(123 AS DECIMAL(5,2)) --returns 123.00 SELECT CAST(12345.12 AS NUMERIC(10,5)) --returns 12345.12000

Fixnum#to_s takes an optional base argument and represents the given number in that base: 2.to_s(2) # => "10" 3.to_s(2) # => "11" 3.to_s(3) # => "10" 10.to_s(16) # => "a" If no argument is provided, then it represents the number in bas...