Tutorial by Examples: in

The role of placeholders in "enter" selections

What is an enter selection? In D3.js, when one binds data to DOM elements, three situations are possible: The number of elements and the number of data points are the same; There are more elements than data points; There are more data points than elements; In the situation #3, all the data ...

d3.js • Selections

Building with SCons

You can build the cross-platform "Hello World" C++ code, using Scons - A Python-language software construction tool. First, create a file called SConstruct (note that SCons will look for a file with this exact name by default). For now, the file should be in a directory right along your h...

C++ • Build Systems

Inheritance of Singleton Class

Subclassing also Subclasses Singleton Class class Example end Example.singleton_class #=> #<Class:Example> def Example.foo :example end class SubExample < Example end SubExample.foo #=> :example SubExample.singleton_class.superclass #=> #<Class:Example> ...

Ruby Language • Singleton Class

Message Propagation with Singleton Class

Instances never contain a method they only carry data. However we can define a singleton class for any object including an instance of a class. When a message is passed to an object (method is called) Ruby first checks if a singleton class is defined for that object and if it can reply to that mess...

Ruby Language • Singleton Class

Reopening (monkey patching) Singleton Classes

There are three ways to reopen a Singleton Class Using class_eval on a singleton class. Using class << block. Using def to define a method on the object's singleton class directly class Example end Example.singleton_class.class_eval do def foo :foo end end Example.fo...

Ruby Language • Singleton Class

Quoting

In the Tcl language in many cases, no special quoting is needed. These are valid strings: abc123 4.56e10 my^variable-for.my%use The Tcl language splits words on whitespace, so any literals or strings with whitespace should be quoted. There are two ways to quote strings. With braces and with...

tcl • Tcl Language Constructs

Using the revert command to discard unwanted changes.

The revert command allows discarding unwanted uncommitted changes. Reverting changes to a single file. hg revert example.c Reverting all changes. This will discard all changes not just the current directory. hg revert --all hg will output which files were reverted. reverting exa...

mercurial • Common operations

Deleting a derived object via a pointer to a base class that doesn't have a virtual destructor.

class base { }; class derived: public base { }; int main() { base* p = new derived(); delete p; // The is undefined behavior! } In section [expr.delete] §5.3.5/3 the standard says that if delete is called on an object whose static type does not have a virtual destructor: if the...

C++ • Undefined Behavior

Avoiding duplication of code in const and non-const getter methods.

In C++ methods that differs only by const qualifier can be overloaded. Sometimes there may be a need of two versions of getter that return a reference to some member. Let Foo be a class, that has two methods that perform identical operations and returns a reference to an object of type Bar: class ...

C++ • const keyword

Copy, move or delete found line

A lot of users find themselves in a situation where they just want to copy, move or delete a line quickly and return to where they were. Usually, if you'd want to move a line which contains the word lot below the current line you'd type something like: /lot<Esc>dd<C-o>p But to boost...

vim • Tips and tricks to boost productivity

Create a custom in-app keyboard

This is a basic in-app keyboard. The same method could be used to make just about any keyboard layout. Here are the main things that need to be done: Create the keyboard layout in an .xib file, whose owner is a Swift or Objective-C class that is a UIView subclass. Tell the UITextField to use t...

iOS • Managing the Keyboard

Infinite Streams via Recursion

Streams can be built that reference themselves and thus become infinitely recursive. // factorial val fact: Stream[BigInt] = 1 #:: fact.zipWithIndex.map{case (p,x)=>p*(x+1)} fact.take(10) // (1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720, 5040, 40320, 362880) fact(24) // 620448401733239439360000 // the ...

Scala Language • Streams

Animate at a specified interval (add a new rectangle every 1 second)

This example adds a new rectangle to the canvas every 1 second (== a 1 second interval) Annotated Code: <!doctype html> <html> <head> <style> body{ background-color:white; } #canvas{border:1px solid red; } </style> <script> window.onload=(functio...

html5-canvas • Animation

Use requestAnimationFrame() NOT setInterval() for animation loops

requestAnimationFrame is similar to setInterval, it but has these important improvements: The animation code is synchronized with display refreshes for efficiency The clear + redraw code is scheduled, but not immediately executed. The browser will execute the clear + redraw code only when the d...

html5-canvas • Animation

Don't draw animations in your event handlers (a simple sketch app)

During mousemove you get flooded with 30 mouse events per second. You might not be able to redraw your drawings at 30 times per second. Even if you can, you're probably wasting computing power by drawing when the browser is not ready to draw (wasted == across display refresh cycles). Therefore it m...

html5-canvas • Animation

Working with Varargs parameters

Using varargs as a parameter for a method definition, it is possible to pass either an array or a sequence of arguments. If a sequence of arguments are passed, they are converted into an array automatically. This example shows both an array and a sequence of arguments being passed into the printVar...

Java Language • Varargs (Variable Argument)

Using the Graphics class

Intro The Graphics class allows you to draw onto java components such as a Jpanel, it can be used to draw strings, lines, shapes and images. This is done by overriding the paintComponent(Graphics g) method of the JComponent you are drawing on using the Graphics object received as argument to do the...

swing • Graphics

Drawing images

Images can be drawn onto a JComponent using the drawImage method of class Graphics: loading an image BufferedImage img; try { img = ImageIO.read(new File("stackoverflow.jpg")); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException("Could not load image", e); } dr...

swing • Graphics

Rounding Numbers

The round method will round a number up if the first digit after its decimal place is 5 or higher and round down if that digit is 4 or lower. This takes in an optional argument for the precision you're looking for. 4.89.round # => 5 4.25.round # => 4 3.141526.round(1) # => ...

Ruby Language • Numbers

Restrict Number to Min/Max Range

If you need to clamp a number to keep it inside a specific range boundary function clamp(min, max, val) { return Math.min(Math.max(min, +val), max); } console.log(clamp(-10, 10, "4.30")); // 4.3 console.log(clamp(-10, 10, -8)); // -8 console.log(clamp(-10, 10, 12)); // ...

JavaScript • Arithmetic (Math)