Tutorial by Examples: me

use std::error::Error; use std::fmt; use std::convert::From; use std::io::Error as IoError; use std::str::Utf8Error; #[derive(Debug)] // Allow the use of "{:?}" format specifier enum CustomError { Io(IoError), Utf8(Utf8Error), Other, } // Allow the use of "{...

data.table offers a wide range of possibilities to reshape your data both efficiently and easily For instance, while reshaping from long to wide you can both pass several variables into the value.var and into the fun.aggregate parameters at the same time library(data.table) #v>=1.9.6 DT <- ...

The ** operator works similarly to the * operator but it applies to keyword parameters. def options(required_key:, optional_key: nil, **other_options) other_options end options(required_key: 'Done!', foo: 'Foo!', bar: 'Bar!') #> { :foo => "Foo!", :bar => "Bar!" ...

fn foo<'a>(x: &'a u32) { // ... } This specifies that foo has lifetime 'a, and the parameter x must have a lifetime of at least 'a. Function lifetimes are usually omitted through lifetime elision: fn foo(x: &u32) { // ... } In the case that a function takes multiple ...

Consider this simple class: class SmsUtil { public bool SendMessage(string from, string to, string message, int retryCount, object attachment) { // Some code } } Before C# 3.0 it was: var result = SmsUtil.SendMessage("Mehran", "Maryam", "Hello...

setTimeout Executes a function, after waiting a specified number of milliseconds. used to delay the execution of a function. Syntax : setTimeout(function, milliseconds) or window.setTimeout(function, milliseconds) Example : This example outputs "hello" to the console after 1 secon...

All DATEs have a time component; however, it is customary to store dates which do not need to include time information with the hours/minutes/seconds set to zero (i.e. midnight). Use an ANSI DATE literal (using ISO 8601 Date format): SELECT DATE '2000-01-01' FROM DUAL; Convert it from a string ...

Convert it from a string literal using TO_DATE(): SELECT TO_DATE( '2000-01-01 12:00:00', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS' ) FROM DUAL; Or use a TIMESTAMP literal: CREATE TABLE date_table( date_value DATE ); INSERT INTO date_table ( date_value ) VALUES ( TIMESTAMP '2000-01-01 12:00:00' ); Oracl...

macro(set_custom_variable _OUT_VAR) set(${_OUT_VAR} "Foo") endmacro(set_custom_variable) Use it with set_custom_variable(my_foo) message(STATUS ${my_foo}) which will print -- Foo

A method defined in an interface is by default public abstract. When an abstract class implements an interface, any methods which are defined in the interface do not have to be implemented by the abstract class. This is because a class that is declared abstract can contain abstract method declaratio...

interface ITable { // an indexer can be declared in an interface object this[int x, int y] { get; set; } } class DataTable : ITable { private object[,] cells = new object[10, 10]; /// <summary> /// implementation of the indexer declared in the interface //...

Arithmetic if statement allows one to use three branches depending on the result of an arithmetic expression if (arith_expr) label1, label2, label3 This if statement transfers control flow to one of the labels in a code. If the result of arith_expr is negative label1 is involved, if the result i...

This validation restricts the insertion of only numeric values. class Player < ApplicationRecord validates :points, numericality: true validates :games_played, numericality: { only_integer: true } end Besides :only_integer, this helper also accepts the following options to add constrai...

The special attribute __name__ of a function, class or module is a string containing its name. import os class C: pass def f(x): x += 2 return x print(f) # <function f at 0x029976B0> print(f.__name__) # f print(C) # <class '__main__.C'> print(C.__name__...

Overload resolution occurs after name lookup. This means that a better-matching function will not be selected by overload resolution if it loses name lookup: void f(int x); struct S { void f(double x); void g() { f(42); } // calls S::f because global f is not visible here, ...

While it might seem counterintuitive, you can use logical operators to determine whether or not a statement is run. For instance: File.exist?(filename) or STDERR.puts "#{filename} does not exist!" This will check to see if the file exists and only print the error message if it doesn't....

You can create parser error messages according to your script needs. This is through the argparse.ArgumentParser.error function. The below example shows the script printing a usage and an error message to stderr when --foo is given but not --bar. import argparse parser = argparse.ArgumentParser...

When you extend a class, you can override methods that the inherited class defines using the override keyword: public class Example { public function test():void { trace('It works!'); } } public class AnotherExample extends Example { public override function test():void ...

If you have your data stored in a list and you want to convert this list to a data frame the do.call function is an easy way to achieve this. However, it is important that all list elements have the same length in order to prevent unintended recycling of values. dataList <- list(1:3,4:6,7:9) ...

Number of unique elements in a series: In [1]: id_numbers = pd.Series([111, 112, 112, 114, 115, 118, 114, 118, 112]) In [2]: id_numbers.nunique() Out[2]: 5 Get unique elements in a series: In [3]: id_numbers.unique() Out[3]: array([111, 112, 114, 115, 118], dtype=int64) In [4]: df = pd.Da...