Tutorial by Examples: f

Fix takes a "template" type and ties the recursive knot, layering the template like a lasagne. newtype Fix f = Fix { unFix :: f (Fix f) } Inside a Fix f we find a layer of the template f. To fill in f's parameter, Fix f plugs in itself. So when you look inside the template f you find a...

Catamorphisms, or folds, model primitive recursion. cata tears down a fixpoint layer by layer, using an algebra function (or folding function) to process each layer. cata requires a Functor instance for the template type f. cata :: Functor f => (f a -> a) -> Fix f -> a cata f = f . fma...

Anamorphisms, or unfolds, model primitive corecursion. ana builds up a fixpoint layer by layer, using a coalgebra function (or unfolding function) to produce each new layer. ana requires a Functor instance for the template type f. ana :: Functor f => (a -> f a) -> a -> Fix f ana f = Fi...

It's common to structure a program as building up a data structure and then collapsing it to a single value. This is called a hylomorphism or refold. It's possible to elide the intermediate structure altogether for improved efficiency. hylo :: Functor f => (a -> f a) -> (f b -> b) ->...

CREATE TABLE table_name ( id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, json_col JSON, PRIMARY KEY(id) );

import os, sys from openpyxl import Workbook from datetime import datetime dt = datetime.now() list_values = [["01/01/2016", "05:00:00", 3], \ ["01/02/2016", "06:00:00", 4], \ ["01/03/2016", "07:00:00",...

Cryptography is something very hard and after spending a lot of time reading different examples and seeing how easy it is to introduce some form of vulnerability I found an answer originally written by @jbtule that I think is very good. Enjoy reading: "The general best practice for symmetric e...

The implementation of INotifyPropertyChange can be error-prone, as the interface requires specifying property name as a string. In order to make the implementation more robust, an attribute CallerMemberName can be used. class C : INotifyPropertyChanged { // backing field int offset; ...

#include <iostream> long double operator"" _km(long double val) { return val * 1000.0; } long double operator"" _mi(long double val) { return val * 1609.344; } int main() { std::cout << "3 km = " << 3.0_km << " m...

Compare the definition of Free to that of Fix: data Free f a = Return a | Free (f (Free f a)) newtype Fix f = Fix { unFix :: f (Fix f) } In particular, compare the type of the Free constructor with the type of the Fix constructor. Free layers up a functor just like Fix, except ...

options = { "x": ["a", "b"], "y": [10, 20, 30] } Given a dictionary such as the one shown above, where there is a list representing a set of values to explore for the corresponding key. Suppose you want to explore "x"="a" w...

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The width and height attributes designate the dimensions of the rectangle. These values are in pixels by default The fill value sets the color for the rectangle. If no value for fill is specified, black is used by default <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="h...

foreach will iterate over any object of a class that implements IEnumerable (take note that IEnumerable<T> inherits from it). Such objects include some built-in ones, but not limit to: List<T>, T[] (arrays of any type), Dictionary<TKey, TSource>, as well as interfaces like IQueryab...

Throughout this example it is assumed that the 'root' object that is being serialized to JSON is an instance of the following class : public class MyJson { }   Example 1 : An example of an instance of MyJson, as is: {} i.e. since the class has no fields, only curly brackets are serialized...

If you are working with vectors or lines you will at some stage want to get the direction of a vector, or line. Or the direction from a point to another point. Math.atan(yComponent, xComponent) return the angle in radius within the range of -Math.PI to Math.PI (-180 to 180 deg) Direction of a vect...

Math.sin and Math.cos are cyclic with a period of 2*PI radians (360 deg) they output a wave with an amplitude of 2 in the range -1 to 1. Graph of sine and cosine function: (courtesy Wikipedia) They are both very handy for many types of periodic calculations, from creating sound waves, to animati...

A string can be used as a separator to join a list of strings together into a single string using the join() method. For example you can create a string where each element in a list is separated by a space. >>> " ".join(["once","upon","a","tim...

Python's string module provides constants for string related operations. To use them, import the string module: >>> import string string.ascii_letters: Concatenation of ascii_lowercase and ascii_uppercase: >>> string.ascii_letters 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ...

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