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A data.table is an enhanced version of the data.frame class from base R. As such, its class() attribute is the vector "data.table" "data.frame" and functions that work on a data.frame will also work with a data.table. There are many ways to create, load or coerce to a data.table....

Add/remove fields in existing tables Create a migration by running: rails generate migration AddTitleToCategories title:string This will create a migration that adds a title column to a categories table: class AddTitleToCategories < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0] def change add_column...

This is the Python 2 syntax, note the commas , on the raise and except lines: Python 2.x2.3 try: raise IOError, "input/output error" except IOError, exc: print exc In Python 3, the , syntax is dropped and replaced by parenthesis and the as keyword: try: raise IOErro...

To develop an application for iOS, you should start with an application called Xcode. There are other alternative tools you can use, but Xcode is Apple's official tool. Note, however, that it only runs on macOS. The latest official version is Xcode 8.3.3 with Xcode 9 (currently in beta) due to be re...

Lists can be created in multiple ways. The recommended way is to use a List literal: var vegetables = ['broccoli', 'cabbage']; The List constructor can be used as well: var fruits = new List(); If you prefer stronger typing, you can also supply a type parameter in one of the following ways:...

Sets can be created via the constructor: var ingredients = new Set(); ingredients.addAll(['gold', 'titanium', 'xenon']);

Maps can be created in multiple ways. Using the constructor, you can create a new map as follow: var searchTerms = new Map(); Types for the key and value can also be defined using generics: var nobleGases = new Map<int, String>(); var nobleGases = <int, String>{}; Maps can othe...

First, some terminology: argument (actual parameter): the actual variable being passed to a function; parameter (formal parameter): the receiving variable that is used in a function. In Python, arguments are passed by assignment (as opposed to other languages, where arguments can be passed by...

String#split splits a String into an Array, based on a delimiter. "alpha,beta".split(",") # => ["alpha", "beta"] An empty String results into an empty Array: "".split(",") # => [] A non-matching delimiter results in an Array...

virtualenv is a tool to build isolated Python environments. This program creates a folder which contains all the necessary executables to use the packages that a Python project would need. Installing the virtualenv tool This is only required once. The virtualenv program may be available through yo...

The most common way to create a Symbol object is by prefixing the string identifier with a colon: :a_symbol # => :a_symbol :a_symbol.class # => Symbol Here are some alternative ways to define a Symbol, in combination with a String literal: :"a_symbol" "a_symbol&quot...

Given a String: s = "something" there are several ways to convert it to a Symbol: s.to_sym # => :something :"#{s}" # => :something

Given a Symbol: s = :something The simplest way to convert it to a String is by using the Symbol#to_s method: s.to_s # => "something" Another way to do it is by using the Symbol#id2name method which is an alias for the Symbol#to_s method. But it's a method that is unique to the...

To combine an NSArray of NSString into a new NSString: NSArray *yourWords = @[@"Objective-C", @"is", @"just", @"awesome"]; NSString *sentence = [yourWords componentsJoinedByString:@" "]; // Sentence is now: @"Objective-C is just awesome&quo...

Assuming python and python3 are both installed, it is possible to create a virtual environment for Python 3 even if python3 is not the default Python: virtualenv -p python3 foo or virtualenv --python=python3 foo or python3 -m venv foo or pyvenv foo Actually you can create virtual ...

NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"Nick", @"Ben", @"Adam", @"Melissa", nil]; NSPredicate *aPredicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF beginswith[c] 'a'"]; NSArray *beginWithA = [array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:bPredicate]; ...

// decode NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:utf8Data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; // encode NSData *utf8Data = [string dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; Some supported encodings are: NSASCIIStringEncoding NSUTF8StringEnc...

All java Collection<E>s have stream() and parallelStream() methods from which a Stream<E> can be constructed: Collection<String> stringList = new ArrayList<>(); Stream<String> stringStream = stringList.parallelStream(); A Stream<E> can be created from an arra...

The double-negation !! is not a distinct JavaScript operator nor a special syntax but rather just a sequence of two negations. It is used to convert the value of any type to its appropriate true or false Boolean value depending on whether it is truthy or falsy. !!1 // true !!0 ...

Requirements: Protractor requires the following dependencies to be installed prior to installation: Java JDK 1.7 or higher Node.js v4 or higher Installation: Download and install Node.js from this URL: https://nodejs.org/en/ To see if the Node.js installation is successfull, you can go an...