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strpos can be understood as the number of bytes in the haystack before the first occurrence of the needle. var_dump(strpos("haystack", "hay")); // int(0) var_dump(strpos("haystack", "stack")); // int(3) var_dump(strpos("haystack", "stackoverf...

Tips & Tricks to avoid nasty situations EC2 Instances and EBS Set IAM Roles. Unlike tags, the IAM Role is set once and for all on EC2 instanciation (even after 4 years) ! Try to identify and categorize beforehand your instances so you can give an them appropriate IAM roles. IAM Roles are ...

The intrinsic pack function packs an array into a vector, selecting elements based on a given mask. The function has two forms PACK(array, mask) PACK(array, mask, vector) (that is, the vector argument is optional). In both cases array is an array, and mask of logical type and conformable with...

Consider the following component with one input myInput and an internal value called someInternalValue. Both of them are used in a component's template. import {Component, Input} from '@angular/core'; @Component({ template:` <div> <p>{{myInput}}</p> <p>{...

To POST data pass the encoded query arguments as data to urlopen() Python 2.x2.7 Python 2 import urllib query_parms = {'username':'stackoverflow', 'password':'me.me'} encoded_parms = urllib.urlencode(query_parms) response = urllib.urlopen("https://stackoverflow.com/users/login", enco...

trait HelloWorld { public function sayHello() { echo 'Hello World!'; } } // Change visibility of sayHello class MyClass1 { use HelloWorld { sayHello as protected; } } // Alias method with changed visibility // sayHello visibility not changed class MyClass2 { u...

Any array can be quickly decomposed by assigning its elements into multiple variables. A simple example: arr = [1, 2, 3] # --- a = arr[0] b = arr[1] c = arr[2] # --- or, the same a, b, c = arr Preceding a variable with the splat operator (*) puts into it an array of all the elements that h...

Variables don't necessarily have to expand to their values - substrings can be extracted during expansion, which can be useful for extracting file extensions or parts of paths. Globbing characters keep their usual meanings, so .* refers to a literal dot, followed by any sequence of characters; it's ...

Consider this broken snippet: def foo bar = [1, 2, 3, 4].map do |x| return 0 if x.even? x end puts 'baz' bar end foo # => 0 One might expect return to yield a value for map's array of block results. So the return value of foo would be [1, 0, 3, 0]. Instead, return retu...

The following compares two files with diff using process substitution instead of creating temporary files. diff <(curl http://www.example.com/page1) <(curl http://www.example.com/page2)

This feeds a while loop with the output of a grep command: while IFS=":" read -r user _ do # "$user" holds the username in /etc/passwd done < <(grep "hello" /etc/passwd)

Problem: Some data needs to be passed to a scene loaded from a fxml. Solution Specify a controller using the fx:controller attribute and get the controller instance created during the loading process from the FXMLLoader instance used to load the fxml. Add methods for passing the data to the contr...

Problem: Some data needs to be passed to a scene loaded from a fxml. Solution Set the controller using the FXMLLoader instance used later to load the fxml. Make sure the controller contains the relevant data before loading the fxml. Note: in this case the fxml file must not contain the fx:contro...

Problem: Some data needs to be passed to a scene loaded from a fxml. Solution Specify a controller factory that is responsible for creating the controllers. Pass the data to the controller instance created by the factory. FXML <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> &...

Aliasing types cuts down on boilerplate and enhances readability, but it is no more type-safe than the aliased type itself is. Consider the following: type alias Email = String type alias Name = String someEmail = "[email protected]" someName = "Benedict" sendEmail ...

Python 3 allows you to define function arguments which can only be assigned by keyword, even without default values. This is done by using star * to consume additional positional parameters without setting the keyword parameters. All arguments after the * are keyword-only (i.e. non-positional) arg...

Sometimes a column should show different content than just the toString value of the cell item. In this case the TableCells created by the cellFactory of the TableColumn is customized to change the layout based on the item. Important Note: TableView only creates the TableCells that are shown in the...

A common task is to convert all columns of a data.frame to character class for ease of manipulation, such as in the cases of sending data.frames to a RDBMS or merging data.frames containing factors where levels may differ between input data.frames. The best time to do this is when the data is read ...

Rational represents a rational number as numerator and denominator: r1 = Rational(2, 3) r2 = 2.5.to_r r3 = r1 + r2 r3.numerator # => 19 r3.denominator # => 6 Rational(2, 4) # => (1/2) Other ways of creating a Rational Rational('2/3') # => (2/3) Rational(3) # => (3/1...

1i # => (0+1i) 1.to_c # => (1+0i) rectangular = Complex(2, 3) # => (2+3i) polar = Complex('1@2') # => (-0.4161468365471424+0.9092974268256817i) polar.rectangular # => [-0.4161468365471424, 0.9092974268256817] rectangular.polar # => [3.605551275463989, 0.9827937232...