Tutorial by Examples

An easing causes some variable to change unevenly over a duration. "variable" must be able to be expressed as a number, and can represent a remarkable variety of things: an X-coordinate, a rectangle's width, an angle of rotation, the red component of an R,G,B color. anything that c...

Introduces a case label of a switch statement. The operand must be a constant expression and match the switch condition in type. When the switch statement is executed, it will jump to the case label with operand equal to the condition, if any. char c = getchar(); bool confirmed; switch (c) { c...

According to the C++ standard, The switch statement causes control to be transferred to one of several statements depending on the value of a condition. The keyword switch is followed by a parenthesized condition and a block, which may contain case labels and an optional default label. When t...

The catch keyword introduces an exception handler, that is, a block into which control will be transferred when an exception of compatible type is thrown. The catch keyword is followed by a parenthesized exception declaration, which is similar in form to a function parameter declaration: the paramet...

Arrays are zero-based, that is the index always starts at 0 and ends with index array length minus 1. Thus the following code will not output the first element of the array and will output garbage for the final value that it prints. #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { int x = 0; ...

An integer type which is "large enough to store any member of the implementation’s basic character set". It is implementation-defined whether char is signed (and has a range of at least -127 to +127, inclusive) or unsigned (and has a range of at least 0 to 255, inclusive). const char zer...

Less doesn't put any restrictions on the number of times the parent selector (&) can be used in a complex selector and so, we can use it more than once like in the below examples to select sibling elements without the need to repeat the selector. .demo { border: 1px solid black; /* add borde...

The following snippet replaces all Attributes called PreviousAttribute by an Attribute called ReplacementAttribute for an entire solution. The sample manually searches the Syntax tree and replaces all affected nodes. static async Task<bool> ModifySolution(string solutionPath) { ...

The following snippet replaces all Attributes called "PreviousAttribute" by an Attribute called "ReplacementAttribute" for an entire solution. The sample manually uses a SyntaxRewriter to exchange the attributes. /// <summary> /// The CSharpSyntaxRewriter allows to rewrit...

C11 The function specifier _Noreturn was introduced in C11. The header <stdnoreturn.h> provides a macro noreturn which expands to _Noreturn. So using _Noreturn or noreturn from <stdnoreturn.h> is fine and equivalent. A function that's declared with _Noreturn (or noreturn) is not allowe...

Sometimes a poorly designed 3rd-party library will write unwanted diagnostics to System.out or System.err streams. The recommended solutions to this would be to either find a better library or (in the case of open source) fix the problem and contribute a patch to the developers. If the above solu...

Function calls as f(a) always imply a sequence point between the evaluation of the arguments and the designator (here f and a) and the actual call. If two such calls are unsequenced, the two function calls are indeterminately sequenced, that is, one is executed before the other, and order is unspeci...

C++11 An unsigned integer type with the same size and alignment as uint_least16_t, which is therefore large enough to hold a UTF-16 code unit. const char16_t message[] = u"你好，世界\n"; // Chinese for "hello, world\n" std::cout << sizeof(message)/sizeof(char16_t) ...

C++11 An unsigned integer type with the same size and alignment as uint_least32_t, which is therefore large enough to hold a UTF-32 code unit. const char32_t full_house[] = U"🂣🂳🂨🂸🃈"; // non-BMP characters std::cout << sizeof(full_house)/sizeof(char32_t) <<...

Introduces the definition of a class type. class foo { int x; public: int get_x(); void set_x(int new_x); }; Introduces an elaborated type specifier, which specifies that the following name is the name of a class type. If the class name has been declared already, it ca...

Interchangeable with class, except for the following differences: If a class type is defined using the keyword struct, then the default accessibility of bases and members is public rather than private. struct cannot be used to declare a template type parameter or template template parameter; onl...

Detailed instructions on getting vsto set up or installed.

Most PRAGMA statements affect only the current database connection, which means that they have to be re-applied whenever the database has been opened. However, the following PRAGMAs write to the database file, and can be executed at any time (but in some cases, not inside a transaction): applica...

An XSLT processor is necessary in order to perform any XSLT transformation. It can usually be installed via system's package manager. E.g. in Debian it can be installed with: sudo apt-get install xsltproc

A type specifier; when applied to a type, produces the const-qualified version of the type. See const keyword for details on the meaning of const. const int x = 123; x = 456; // error int& r = x; // error struct S { void f(); void g() const; }; const S s; s.f(); // error s...