C++ Tutorial => class

Example

Introduces the definition of a class type.

class foo {
    int x;
  public:
    int get_x();
    void set_x(int new_x);
};

Introduces an elaborated type specifier, which specifies that the following name is the name of a class type. If the class name has been declared already, it can be found even if hidden by another name. If the class name has not been declared already, it is forward-declared.

class foo; // elaborated type specifier -> forward declaration
class bar {
  public:
    bar(foo& f);
};
void baz();
class baz; // another elaborated type specifer; another forward declaration
           // note: the class has the same name as the function void baz()
class foo {
    bar b;
    friend class baz; // elaborated type specifier refers to the class,
                      // not the function of the same name
  public:
    foo();
};

Introduces a type parameter in the declaration of a template.

template <class T>
const T& min(const T& x, const T& y) {
    return b < a ? b : a;
}

In the declaration of a template template parameter, the keyword class precedes the name of the parameter. Since the argument for a template template parameter can only be a class template, the use of class here is redundant. However, the grammar of C++ requires it.
```
template <template <class T> class U>
//                           ^^^^^ "class" used in this sense here;
//                                 U is a template template parameter
void f() {
    U<int>::do_it();
    U<double>::do_it();
}
```

Note that sense 2 and sense 3 may be combined in the same declaration. For example:

template <class T>
class foo {
};

foo<class bar> x; // <- bar does not have to have previously appeared.

C++11

In the declaration or definition of an enum, declares the enum to be a scoped enum.
```
enum class Format {
    TEXT,
    PDF,
    OTHER,
};
Format f = F::TEXT;
```

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