C++ Tutorial => Scoped enums

Example

C++11 introduces what are known as scoped enums. These are enumerations whose members must be qualified with enumname::membername. Scoped enums are declared using the enum class syntax. For example, to store the colors in a rainbow:

enum class rainbow {
    RED,
    ORANGE,
    YELLOW,
    GREEN,
    BLUE,
    INDIGO,
    VIOLET
};

To access a specific color:

rainbow r = rainbow::INDIGO;

enum classes cannot be implicitly converted to ints without a cast. So int x = rainbow::RED is invalid.

Scoped enums also allow you to specify the underlying type, which is the type used to represent a member. By default it is int. In a Tic-Tac-Toe game, you may store the piece as

enum class piece : char {
    EMPTY = '\0',
    X = 'X',
    O = 'O',
};

As you may notice, enums can have a trailing comma after the last member.

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C++ Enumeration Scoped enums

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