In [188]: s = pd.Series(["a","b","c","a","c"], dtype="category")
In [189]: s
Out[189]:
0 a
1 b
2 c
3 a
4 c
dtype: category
Categories (3, object): [a, b, c]
In [190]: df = pd.DataFrame({"A":["a","b","c","a", "c"]})
In [191]: df["B"] = df["A"].astype('category')
In [192]: df["C"] = pd.Categorical(df["A"])
In [193]: df
Out[193]:
A B C
0 a a a
1 b b b
2 c c c
3 a a a
4 c c c
In [194]: df.dtypes
Out[194]:
A object
B category
C category
dtype: object