A series is a one-dimension data structure. It's a bit like a supercharged array, or a dictionary.
import pandas as pd
s = pd.Series([10, 20, 30])
>>> s
0 10
1 20
2 30
dtype: int64
Every value in a series has an index. By default, the indices are integers, running from 0 to the series length minus 1. In the example above you can see the indices printed to the left of the values.
You can specify your own indices:
s2 = pd.Series([1.5, 2.5, 3.5], index=['a', 'b', 'c'], name='my_series')
>>> s2
a 1.5
b 2.5
c 3.5
Name: my_series, dtype: float64
s3 = pd.Series(['a', 'b', 'c'], index=list('ABC'))
>>> s3
A a
B b
C c
dtype: object