Tutorial by Examples: s

A function is defined by at least its return type and an unique name. void say_hello () { print ("Hello, world!\n"); } Then, to call it just use the name of the function followed by a parenthese. say_hello (); Functions can also have parameters between the parentheses, d...

Parameters can be marked as optional by giving them a default value. Optional parameters can be omitted when calling the function. string greet (string name, string language = "English") { if (language == "English") { return @"Hello, $name!"; } else ...

Value types (structures and enumerations) are passed by value to functions: a copy will be given to the function, not a reference to the variable. So the following function won't do anything. void add_three (int x) { x += 3; } int a = 39; add_three (a); assert (a == 39); // a is still 39...

int sum (int x, ...) { int result = x; va_list list = va_list (); for (int? y = list.arg<int?> (); y != null; y = list.arg<int?> ()) { result += y; } return result; } int a = sum (1, 2, 3, 36); With this function, you can pass as many int as you w...

A key part of the Reader monad is the ask (https://hackage.haskell.org/package/mtl-2.2.1/docs/Control-Monad-Reader.html#v:ask) function, which is defined for illustrative purposes: import Control.Monad.Trans.Reader hiding (ask) import Control.Monad.Trans ask :: Monad m => ReaderT r m r ask ...

This is an official MATLAB example Consider the following code: month = [1;1;2;3;8;1;3;4;9;11;9;12;3;4;11]; temperature = [57;61;60;62;45;59;64;66;40;56;38;65;61;64;55]; maxTemp = accumarray(month,temperature,[],@max); The image below demonstrates the computation process done by accumarray in...

A discriminant of a record type may influence the structure of objects. A choice of components may exists in an object according as a discriminant had had a particular value when the object was created. To support this variation, a record type's definition includes a distinction by cases that depend...

Generic subprograms are usefull to create a subprograms that have the same structure for several types. For example, to swap two objects: generic type A_Type is private; procedure Swap (Left, Right : in out A_Type) is Temp : A_Type := Left; begin Left := Right; Right := Temp; ...

In Ada generic package, upon instantiation, data are duplicated; that is, if they contain global variables, each instance will have its own copy of the variable, properly typed and independent from the others. generic type T is private; package Gen is type C is tagged record V :...

Ada offers a wide variety of generic parameters which is difficult to translate into other languages. The parameters used during instantiation and as a consequence those on which the generic unit may rely on may be variables, types, subprograms, or package instances, with certain properties. For exa...

These exceptions are caused when the type of some object should be different TypeError: [definition/method] takes ? positional arguments but ? was given A function or method was called with more (or less) arguments than the ones it can accept. Example If more arguments are given: def foo(a): re...

Getting elements to center or bottom align vertically has always been a challenge with CSS and Bootstrap. The desired vertical alignment may be within a parent container, or relative to adjacent elements. Now that Bootstrap 4 is flexbox by default there are many different approaches to vertical ali...

This example shows a simple but effective splash screen with animation that can be created by using Android Studio. Step 1: Create an animation Create a new directory named anim in the res directory. Right-click it and create a new Animation Resource file named fade_in.xml: Then, put the follow...

This example shows how to define sub-commands for a given command, and how to easily associate a command handler. This example defines a thing command with get and set subcommands. package things; import io.dropwizard.cli.Command; import io.dropwizard.setup.Bootstrap; import net.sourceforge.a...

If you bind a buffer to GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER then the data parameter in glTexImage2D is a offset into that buffer. This means that the glTexImage2D doesn't need to wait for all the data to be copied out of the application's memory before it can return, reducing overhead in the main thread. glGen...

You can see the running demo by clicking here. HTML: <p> <span>Counter State</span><br /> (<em>Will increase each minute</em>): <p> <span id="counter-state" style="font-weight: bolder"></span> </p> &l...

API: Application programming interface are the set of requirements which govern how one application can talk to another, API's are what makes the information exchange between programs possible. For Example System-level APIs makes it possible for applications like LibreOffice to run on top of an ...

Active Record Transactions can be applied to Model classes as well as Model instances, the objects within the transaction block need not all be instances of same class. This is because transactions are per-database connection, not per-model. For example: User.transaction do account.save! prof...

To flatten multidimensional array into single dimension, flatMap advance functions is used. Other use case is to neglect nil value from array & mapping values. Let's check with example:- Suppose We have an multidimensional array of cities & we want to sorted city name list in ascending orde...

Using Oracle SQL’s NVL2() function, you can create a display column which contains one value if a field contains data and another value if a field does not contain data. For example, in an Entity search, turn the presence of a primary e-mail address into a text display column: NVL2( {email} , 'YES...