R Language Creating reports with RMarkdown Basic R-markdown document structure
Example
R-markdown code chunks
R-markdown is a markdown file with embedded blocks of R code called chunks. There are two types of R code chunks: inline and block.
Inline chunks are added using the following syntax:
`r 2*2`
They are evaluated and inserted their output answer in place.
Block chunks have a different syntax:
```{r name, echo=TRUE, include=TRUE, ...}
2*2
````
And they come with several possible options. Here are the main ones (but there are many others):
- echo (boolean) controls wether the code inside chunk will be included in the document
- include (boolean) controls wether the output should be included in the document
- fig.width (numeric) sets the width of the output figures
- fig.height (numeric) sets the height of the output figures
- fig.cap (character) sets the figure captions
They are written in a simple tag=value format like in the example above.
R-markdown document example
Below is a basic example of R-markdown file illustrating the way R code chunks are embedded inside r-markdown.
# Title #
This is **plain markdown** text.
```{r code, include=FALSE, echo=FALSE}
# Just declare variables
income <- 1000
taxes <- 125
```
My income is: `r income ` dollars and I payed `r taxes ` dollars in taxes.
Below is the sum of money I will have left:
```{r gain, include=TRUE, echo=FALSE}
gain <- income-taxes
gain
```
```{r plotOutput, include=TRUE, echo=FALSE, fig.width=6, fig.height=6}
pie(c(income,taxes), label=c("income", "taxes"))
```
Converting R-markdown to other formats
The R knitr package can be used to evaluate R chunks inside R-markdown file and turn it into a regular markdown file.
The following steps are needed in order to turn R-markdown file into pdf/html:
- Convert R-markdown file to markdown file using
knitr. - Convert the obtained markdown file to pdf/html using specialized tools like pandoc.
In addition to the above knitr package has wrapper functions knit2html() and knit2pdf() that can be used to produce the final document without the intermediate step of manually converting it to the markdown format:
If the above example file was saved as income.Rmd it can be converted to a pdf file using the following R commands:
library(knitr)
knit2pdf("income.Rmd", "income.pdf")
The final document will be similar to the one below.
