C Language Undefined behavior Addition or subtraction of pointer not properly bounded
Example
The following code has undefined behavior:
char buffer[6] = "hello";
char *ptr1 = buffer - 1; /* undefined behavior */
char *ptr2 = buffer + 5; /* OK, pointing to the '\0' inside the array */
char *ptr3 = buffer + 6; /* OK, pointing to just beyond */
char *ptr4 = buffer + 7; /* undefined behavior */
According to C11, if addition or subtraction of a pointer into, or just beyond, an array object and an integer type produces a result that does not point into, or just beyond, the same array object, the behavior is undefined (6.5.6).
Additionally it is naturally undefined behavior to dereference a pointer that points to just beyond the array:
char buffer[6] = "hello";
char *ptr3 = buffer + 6; /* OK, pointing to just beyond */
char value = *ptr3; /* undefined behavior */
