Python Language Tutorial => Operations on sets

Example

with other sets

# Intersection    
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.intersection({3, 4, 5, 6})  # {3, 4, 5}
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} & {3, 4, 5, 6}              # {3, 4, 5}

# Union
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.union({3, 4, 5, 6})  # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} | {3, 4, 5, 6}       # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

# Difference
{1, 2, 3, 4}.difference({2, 3, 5})  # {1, 4}
{1, 2, 3, 4} - {2, 3, 5}            # {1, 4}

# Symmetric difference with
{1, 2, 3, 4}.symmetric_difference({2, 3, 5})  # {1, 4, 5}
{1, 2, 3, 4} ^ {2, 3, 5}                      # {1, 4, 5}

# Superset check
{1, 2}.issuperset({1, 2, 3})  # False
{1, 2} >= {1, 2, 3}           # False

# Subset check
{1, 2}.issubset({1, 2, 3})  # True
{1, 2} <= {1, 2, 3}         # True

# Disjoint check
{1, 2}.isdisjoint({3, 4})  # True
{1, 2}.isdisjoint({1, 4})  # False

with single elements

# Existence check
2 in {1,2,3}      # True
4 in {1,2,3}      # False
4 not in {1,2,3}  # True

# Add and Remove
s = {1,2,3}
s.add(4)        # s == {1,2,3,4}

s.discard(3)    # s == {1,2,4}
s.discard(5)    # s == {1,2,4}

s.remove(2)     # s == {1,4}
s.remove(2)     # KeyError!

Set operations return new sets, but have the corresponding in-place versions:

method	in-place operation	in-place method
union	s \|= t	update
intersection	s &= t	intersection_update
difference	s -= t	difference_update
symmetric_difference	s ^= t	symmetric_difference_update

For example:

s = {1, 2}
s.update({3, 4})   # s == {1, 2, 3, 4}

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Python Language Set Operations on sets

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