You can generate JSON object using standard SELECT query with FOR JSON clause and insert it into JSON text as third parameter:
declare @json nvarchar(4000) = N'{"Id":17,"Name":"WWI"}'
set @json = JSON_MODIFY(@json, '$.tables',
(select name from sys.tables FOR JSON PATH) )
print @json
(1 row(s) affected)
{"Id":1,"Name":"master","tables":[{"name":"Colors"},{"name":"Colors_Archive"},{"name":"OrderLines"},{"name":"PackageTypes"},{"name":"PackageTypes_Archive"},{"name":"StockGroups"},{"name":"StockItemStockGroups"},{"name":"StockGroups_Archive"},{"name":"StateProvinces"},{"name":"CustomerTransactions"},{"name":"StateProvinces_Archive"},{"name":"Cities"},{"name":"Cities_Archive"},{"name":"SystemParameters"},{"name":"InvoiceLines"},{"name":"Suppliers"},{"name":"StockItemTransactions"},{"name":"Suppliers_Archive"},{"name":"Customers"},{"name":"Customers_Archive"},{"name":"PurchaseOrders"},{"name":"Orders"},{"name":"People"},{"name":"StockItems"},{"name":"People_Archive"},{"name":"ColdRoomTemperatures"},{"name":"ColdRoomTemperatures_Archive"},{"name":"VehicleTemperatures"},{"name":"StockItems_Archive"},{"name":"Countries"},{"name":"StockItemHoldings"},{"name":"sysdiagrams"},{"name":"PurchaseOrderLines"},{"name":"Countries_Archive"},{"name":"DeliveryMethods"},{"name":"DeliveryMethods_Archive"},{"name":"PaymentMethods"},{"name":"SupplierTransactions"},{"name":"PaymentMethods_Archive"},{"name":"TransactionTypes"},{"name":"SpecialDeals"},{"name":"TransactionTypes_Archive"},{"name":"SupplierCategories"},{"name":"SupplierCategories_Archive"},{"name":"BuyingGroups"},{"name":"Invoices"},{"name":"BuyingGroups_Archive"},{"name":"CustomerCategories"},{"name":"CustomerCategories_Archive"}]}
JSON_MODIFY will know that select query with FOR JSON clause generates valid JSON array and it will just insert it into JSON text.
You can use all FOR JSON options in SELECT query, except WITHOUT_ARRAY_WRAPPER, which will generate single object instead of JSON array. See other example in this topic to see how insert single JSON object.