Method 1: Below query will be applicable for SQL Server 2000+ version (Contains 12 columns)
SELECT * FROM dbo.sysdatabases
Method 2: Below query extract information about databases with more informations (ex: State, Isolation, recovery model etc.)
Note: This is a catalog view and will be available SQL SERVER 2005+ versions
SELECT * FROM sys.databases
Method 3: To see just database names you can use undocumented sp_MSForEachDB
EXEC sp_MSForEachDB 'SELECT ''?'' AS DatabaseName'
Method 4: Below SP will help you to provide database size along with databases name , owner, status etc. on the server
EXEC sp_helpdb
Method 5 Similarly, below stored procedure will give database name, database size and Remarks
EXEC sp_databases