Syntactically, a tuple is a comma-separated list of values:
t = 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'
Although not necessary, it is common to enclose tuples in parentheses:
t = ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')
Create an empty tuple with parentheses:
t0 = ()
type(t0) # <type 'tuple'>
To create a tuple with a single element, you have to include a final comma:
t1 = 'a',
type(t1) # <type 'tuple'>
Note that a single value in parentheses is not a tuple:
t2 = ('a')
type(t2) # <type 'str'>
To create a singleton tuple it is necessary to have a trailing comma.
t2 = ('a',)
type(t2) # <type 'tuple'>
Note that for singleton tuples it's recommended (see PEP8 on trailing commas) to use parentheses. Also, no white space after the trailing comma (see PEP8 on whitespaces)
t2 = ('a',) # PEP8-compliant
t2 = 'a', # this notation is not recommended by PEP8
t2 = ('a', ) # this notation is not recommended by PEP8
Another way to create a tuple is the built-in function tuple
.
t = tuple('lupins')
print(t) # ('l', 'u', 'p', 'i', 'n', 's')
t = tuple(range(3))
print(t) # (0, 1, 2)
These examples are based on material from the book Think Python by Allen B. Downey.