Example
Google Perf Tools also provides a CPU profiler, with a slightly friendlier interface. To use it:
- Install Google Perf Tools
- Compile your code as usual
- Add the
libprofilerprofiler library to your library load path at runtime - Use
pprofto generate a flat execution profile, or a callgraph diagram
For example:
# compile code
g++ -O3 -std=c++11 main.cpp -o main
# run with profiler
LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libprofiler.so CPUPROFILE=main.prof CPUPROFILE_FREQUENCY=100000 ./main
where:
CPUPROFILEindicates the output file for profiling dataCPUPROFILE_FREQUENCYindicates the profiler sampling frequency;
Use pprof to post-process the profiling data.
You can generate a flat call profile as text:
$ pprof --text ./main main.prof
PROFILE: interrupts/evictions/bytes = 67/15/2016
pprof --text --lines ./main main.prof
Using local file ./main.
Using local file main.prof.
Total: 67 samples
22 32.8% 32.8% 67 100.0% longRunningFoo ??:0
20 29.9% 62.7% 20 29.9% __memmove_ssse3_back /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/string/../sysdeps/x86_64/multiarch/memcpy-ssse3-back.S:1627
4 6.0% 68.7% 4 6.0% __memmove_ssse3_back /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/string/../sysdeps/x86_64/multiarch/memcpy-ssse3-back.S:1619
3 4.5% 73.1% 3 4.5% __random_r /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/random_r.c:388
3 4.5% 77.6% 3 4.5% __random_r /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/random_r.c:401
2 3.0% 80.6% 2 3.0% __munmap /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/misc/../sysdeps/unix/syscall-template.S:81
2 3.0% 83.6% 12 17.9% __random /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/random.c:298
2 3.0% 86.6% 2 3.0% __random_r /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/random_r.c:385
2 3.0% 89.6% 2 3.0% rand /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/rand.c:26
1 1.5% 91.0% 1 1.5% __memmove_ssse3_back /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/string/../sysdeps/x86_64/multiarch/memcpy-ssse3-back.S:1617
1 1.5% 92.5% 1 1.5% __memmove_ssse3_back /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/string/../sysdeps/x86_64/multiarch/memcpy-ssse3-back.S:1623
1 1.5% 94.0% 1 1.5% __random /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/random.c:293
1 1.5% 95.5% 1 1.5% __random /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/random.c:296
1 1.5% 97.0% 1 1.5% __random_r /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/random_r.c:371
1 1.5% 98.5% 1 1.5% __random_r /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/random_r.c:381
1 1.5% 100.0% 1 1.5% rand /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/rand.c:28
0 0.0% 100.0% 67 100.0% __libc_start_main /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/csu/libc-start.c:287
0 0.0% 100.0% 67 100.0% _start ??:0
0 0.0% 100.0% 67 100.0% main ??:0
0 0.0% 100.0% 14 20.9% rand /build/eglibc-3GlaMS/eglibc-2.19/stdlib/rand.c:27
0 0.0% 100.0% 27 40.3% std::vector::_M_emplace_back_aux ??:0
... or you can generate an annotated callgraph in a pdf with:
pprof --pdf ./main main.prof > out.pdf
