C++ Stream manipulators Output stream manipulators
Example
std::ends - inserts a null character '\0' to output stream.
More formally this manipulator's declaration looks like
template <class charT, class traits>
std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& ends(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os);
and this manipulator places character by calling os.put(charT()) when used in an expressionos << std::ends;
std::endl and std::flush both flush output stream out by calling out.flush(). It causes immediately producing output. But std::endl inserts end of line '\n' symbol before flushing.
std::cout << "First line." << std::endl << "Second line. " << std::flush
<< "Still second line.";
// Output: First line.
// Second line. Still second line.
std::setfill(c) - changes the fill character to c. Often used with std::setw.
std::cout << "\nDefault fill: " << std::setw(10) << 79 << '\n'
<< "setfill('#'): " << std::setfill('#')
<< std::setw(10) << 42 << '\n';
// Output:
// Default fill: 79
// setfill('#'): ########79
std::put_money(mon[, intl]) [C++11]. In an expression out << std::put_money(mon, intl), converts the monetary value mon (of long double or std::basic_string type) to its character representation as specified by the std::money_put facet of the locale currently imbued in out. Use international currency strings if intl is true, use currency symbols otherwise.
long double money = 123.45;
// or std::string money = "123.45";
std::cout.imbue(std::locale("en_US.utf8"));
std::cout << std::showbase << "en_US: " << std::put_money(money)
<< " or " << std::put_money(money, true) << '\n';
// Output: en_US: $1.23 or USD 1.23
std::cout.imbue(std::locale("ru_RU.utf8"));
std::cout << "ru_RU: " << std::put_money(money)
<< " or " << std::put_money(money, true) << '\n';
// Output: ru_RU: 1.23 руб or 1.23 RUB
std::cout.imbue(std::locale("ja_JP.utf8"));
std::cout << "ja_JP: " << std::put_money(money)
<< " or " << std::put_money(money, true) << '\n';
// Output: ja_JP: ￥123 or JPY 123
std::put_time(tmb, fmt) [C++11] - formats and outputs a date/time value to std::tm according to the specified format fmt.
tmb - pointer to the calendar time structure const std::tm* as obtained from localtime() or gmtime().
fmt - pointer to a null-terminated string const CharT* specifying the format of conversion.
#include <ctime>
...
std::time_t t = std::time(nullptr);
std::tm tm = *std::localtime(&t);
std::cout.imbue(std::locale("ru_RU.utf8"));
std::cout << "\nru_RU: " << std::put_time(&tm, "%c %Z") << '\n';
// Possible output:
// ru_RU: Вт 04 июл 2017 15:08:35 UTC
For more information see the link above.
