Android Tutorial => Define a menu resource and use it inside...

Example

Define a menu in res/menu

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">

    <item
        android:id="@+id/first_item_id"
        android:orderInCategory="100"
        android:title="@string/first_item_string"
        android:icon="@drawable/first_item_icon"
        app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>

    <item
        android:id="@+id/second_item_id"
        android:orderInCategory="110"
        android:title="@string/second_item_string"
        android:icon="@drawable/second_item_icon"
        app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>

</menu>

For more options of configuration refer to: Menu resource

Inside Activity:

@Override
public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
    ///Override defining menu resource
    inflater.inflate(R.menu.menu_resource_id, menu);
    super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu, inflater);
}

@Override
public void onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
    //Override for preparing items (setting visibility, change text, change icon...)
    super.onPrepareOptionsMenu(menu);
}

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
    //Override it for handling items
    int menuItemId = item.getItemId();
    switch (menuItemId) {
        case: R.id.first_item_id
             return true; //return true, if is handled
    }
    return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}

For invoking the methods above during showing the view, call getActivity().invalidateOptionsMenu();

Inside Fragment one additional call is needed:

@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    setHasOptionsMenu(true);
    super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
}

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Android Resources Define a menu resource and use it inside Activity/Fragment

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