When we write a program, in most of the cases we rely upon that the program will execute normally and most of the time, programs are following the normal pattern, but there are some exceptions.
In C#, exception handling is done with the try, catch, and finally keywords. The try encloses the statements that might throw an exception, the catch handles an exception and the finally can be used for any cleanup work.
The following examples show a try-catch-finally statement.
try
{
// Code to try goes here.
}
catch (SomeSpecificException ex)
{
// Code to handle the exception goes here.
}
finally
{
// Code to execute after the try (and possibly catch) blocks
}
If any exception occurs inside the try block, the control transfers to the appropriate catch block and later to the finally block.
A try block is used to write a portion of code that might be affected by an exception.
try block, the exception will be handled by the corresponding catch block.finally block, or both.When an exception occurs, the catch block of code is executed. This is where you can handle the exception, log it, or ignore it.
A finally block contains code that is run regardless of whether or not an exception is thrown in the try block, such as releasing resources that are allocated in the try block.
If any exception occurs inside the try block, the control transfers to the appropriate catch block and later to the finally block.
finally block.finally block are always executed.In the following example, we have several statements in a try block. If an exception occurs inside a try block, then the program will jump to the catch block. Inside a catch block, we display a message to instruct the user about the error, and in the finally block we will display a message.
try
{
var num = int.Parse("6");
Console.WriteLine("The number is {0}", num);
// let's specify an alphabet in the parse method and see the result.
var num1 = int.Parse("a");
Console.WriteLine("The number is {0}", num);
}
catch
{
Console.Write("Error occurred.");
}
finally
{
Console.Write("It will be executed always because I am in finally block.");
}
The above example may throw an exception when a non-numeric character is specified to convert from string to an int.
The number is 6
Error occurred.
It will be executed always because I am in finally block.
You can also catch the actual error by specifying a parameter of a built-in or custom exception class to get an error detail. The following example includes the Exception type parameter that catches all types of exceptions.
try
{
var num = int.Parse("6");
Console.WriteLine("The number is {0}", num);
// let's specify an alphabet in the parse method and see the result.
var num1 = int.Parse("a");
Console.WriteLine("The number is {0}", num);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.Write(e.Message);
}
finally
{
Console.Write("It will be executed always because I am in finally block.");
}
Let's run the above code and now you will see the actual error when a character is parsed to an integer.
The number is 6
Input string was not in a correct format.
It will be executed always because I am in finally block.
You can use multiple catch blocks when you are not sure about the exception type that may be generated, so you can write different blocks to tackle any type of exception that can occur.
try
{
var num = int.Parse("6");
Console.WriteLine("The number is {0}", num);
// let's specify an alphabet in the parse method and see the result.
var num1 = int.Parse("a");
Console.WriteLine($"The number is {0}", num);
}
catch (FormatException e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
catch (IndexOutOfRangeException e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
catch (DivideByZeroException e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.Write(e.Message);
}
finally
{
Console.Write("\nIt will be executed always because I am in finally block.");
}
All the examples related to the exception handling are available in the ExceptionHandling.cs file of the source code. Download the source code and try out all the examples for better understanding.